HIV

What is HIV?

HIV it self stands for “Human immunodeficiency Virus”, a retrovirus where it inverse the DNA transcription. Which can later leads to “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome” where our body function began to fail, leads to life threatening. The infection of HIV can be transferred by blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre- ejaculation, or breast milk. Within these transferred substance HIV can be found in which can be present in both free virus particles and effected immune cells. There are four unprotected major routes which can be transferred by sexual intercourse, contaminated needles, infected mother to her birth baby and through breast milk. HIV is a kind of lentivirus, a kind of virus which takes a long time to incubate. There are 2 kinds of HIV virus. HIV 1 and HIV 2. HIV 1 seemed to be originated from Cameroon, these HIV jump from chimpanzees to human during the 20th century and can be easily transferred. HIV 2 has originated from Sooty Mangabey, an old world monkeys in Guinea and Cameroon, but they are not easily transmitted.

LEDC

South Africa current is facing with the worst and one of the most severe AIDS epidemics in the world. By the end of 2005 there were around 5 and a half million people that are infected by AIDS and 1000 died due to HIV daily. Almost 1 out of 5 people are infected by HIV virus. With antiretroviral people can use this antidote to maintain their health and continue with their normal lives. Both sadly only a small number of people are are able to afford that antidote, meaning AIDS are common across the country. Most HIV death in South Africa at the age of 14-40 is around 71 percent. It is estimated that life expectancy in South Africa is around 54, and it is estimated around 64 with out HIV. People in South Africa still stay in their homeland even though they know that there is a high risk for them to be infected by HIV because they are just to poor to migrate. Some people don’t even have enough money to have HIV treatment.

MEDC
HIV was first discovered in the United States in 1981, and now it had spread over the country. By the end of 2005 it is estimated that around 437,982 people are infected by HIV.

Most of sex that are infected by HIV are men

From 2000 to 2005 it is estimated that the number of new HIC cases increase in all ethnic groups, 17% increase among women, 16% among men, heterosexual group 42%, sex between men 24% and injection among drug users is around -1%.

Currently there are no vaccination to cure HIV or AIDS. But you can slow down the spread of HIV by giving out condoms, blood X-ray, or by giving out pills that help you slow down the speed of HIV. Also by giving knowledge to the younger generation, so they could under sand the risk and ways of preventing HIV.

Maelstorm**

Maelstorm
: is a very powerful whirlpool, a large, swirling body of water

**The world strongest maelstorm is lacated in the Lofoten Island, Norway; at 67 degree. 48 min. N, 12 degree. h0 min. E between the Lofoten point (Lofotoden) and the island Værøy southwest of the main chain of the Lofoten Islands. It also known as Moskenstraumen.

The Moskenstraumen is about 4 kilometres across and 40-60 metres deep. Also it is considerably shallower than the surrounding sea. It took about 24 hours and 50 minutes and a strong sea level gradient occur. The current is said to run with the speed of 10-12 knots

There is a writer who has described the Moskenstraumen with a great imagination

"...speeding dizzily round and round with a swaying and sweltering motion, and sending forth to the winds and appalling voice, half shriek, half roar, such as not even the mighty cataract of Niagara ever lifts up in its agony to Heaven. The mountain trembled to its very base, and the rock rocked"

-- Edgar Allen Poe, A Descent into the Maelstorm--

Cause

The Moskenstraumen caused by the force of wind, which acting upon water. Furthermore, included the meeting of the opposing currents and tides, by ocean currents striking offshore rocks and the other coasted configurations caused the maelstorm as well.

Effect

Disadvantage

The maelstorm that happened at the Northwestern cost line of Norway had flowing between the islands of Moskenesøya (north) and Mosken (south), which made them saperated between each other. Also it mostly effected on boats and ships. It capable of sucking boats into their rapidly down-spiraling cavities.

Advantage

By the way, maelstrom in Norway also caused some good affected for the Lofoten Island. Which many artists had came to the Lofoten group to learned or illustrated the highly scenic landscapes.

Prevention

The maelstorm prevention generally uses a method and system for managing and processing the electronic mail, such as data and word objects ( referred to as e-mail messages), and more other particularly. E-mail would transmission by tagging the e-mail messages with a identifier, which used to determine the whether a target subscriber has already recieved the tagged message or not.

This kind of prevention becomes a typical feature in many electronic mail system. However, without the proper prevention techniques, the infinite routing loops are also possible. The infinite routing loops would quickly bring the systems and networks down. The prevention which using an automatically forward mail is very popular. It based on either the senders identity (ID) or some key words that related to the subject of an e-mail.

Compare MEDC's and LEDC's

The maelstrom would effect on the LEDC country more than the MEDC country. Because mostly the maelstrom would occur near the coast line, which lots of people in LEDC country live there. In LEDC country most of the people work as fisherman, which also means that they have to live near the coast line. Furthermore, in the MEDC country people mostly live in the big city. If the maelstrom would truly occur, it would not cause much more effect than the LEDC do. On the other hand, in MEDC country the warning system would be better to warn people before it occur, which would help decreasing the number of deaths, losses, and damages.

Why people still live in this area?

- there are many natural resources in the Lofoten island

- many people visit the island to learn or illustrate the location that the maelstorm occured, which make the tourism jobs work well.

- if there are many tourists, every occupation in this area would definitely work well, such as transportation and businesses.

Lofoten, Norway**